Julian Seymour Schwinger ( 1918 – 1994)
was a American theoretical physicist. He is best known for his work on quantum electrodynamics (QED), in particular for developing a relativistically invariant perturbation theory, and for renormalizing QED to one loop order. Schwinger was jointly awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1965 for his work on quantum electrodynamics, along with Richard Feynman and Shin'ichirō Tomonaga.
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Vitaly Lazarevich Ginzburg (1916 – 2009)
was a Russian theoretical physicist who was honored with the Nobel Prize in Physics in 2003, together with Alexei Abrikosov and Anthony Leggett for their pioneering contributions to the theory of superconductors and superfluids. The scope of Ginzburg's research can be appreciated from his own attempt at a scientific autobiography, in which he listed, roughly chronologically, his range of interests in theoretical physics: classical and quantum electrodynamics, Cherenkov and transition radiation, the propagation of electromagnetic waves in plasma, radio astronomy and synchrotron radiation, cosmic-ray and γ-ray astrophysics, the scattering of light in crystals, the theory of ferroelectrics, and superfluidity and superconductivity.
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Lev Davidovich Landau ( 1908 – 1968)
His accomplishments include the independent co-discovery of the density matrix method in quantum mechanics, the quantum mechanical theory of diamagnetism, the theory of superfluidity, the theory of second-order phase transitions, the Ginzburg–Landau theory of superconductivity, the theory of Fermi liquids, the explanation of Landau damping in plasma physics, the Landau pole in quantum electrodynamics, the two-component theory of neutrinos, and Landau's equations for S matrix singularities. He received the 1962 Nobel Prize in Physics.
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Hermann Minkowski (1864 - 1909)
was a German mathematician. He created and developed the geometry of numbers and used geometrical methods to solve problems in number theory, mathematical physics and the theory of relativity.
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Albert Einstein (1879 – 1955)
He is most famous for the theory of relativity and his contributions to quantum mechanics. He received the 1921 Nobel Prize in Physics for his discovery of the law of the photoelectric effect. Next to that he was also interested in statistical physics and wormholes.
Albert_Einstein